FINAXIONResearch
Finaxion Research · Smart Money / ICT / Wyckoff · Updated 2026-09-10

Wyckoff: buying the accumulation

Works in few markets

Its ground: crypto, on daily, buying several assets in signal — it beats in 27 of 921 combinations.

Markets beaten
19 / 481
Vs. index
-7.9 pts/yr
Total return
167.7%
Sharpe
-0.05
Max drawdown
-45.2%
Trades
178
1×10×19941997200020032006200920122015201820212024
StrategyBuy and hold

Detail on the index (S&P 500), which is the reference for the chart, the robustness suite and the neighbours.

What works and what does not in Wyckoff: buying the accumulation?

The Wyckoff: buying the accumulation strategy does not work consistently in any asset class; it does least badly on cryptocurrencies at 1 of 14 (7%), while on single stocks it beats in 24 of 904. It works as a portfolio, not as a single stock: as a basket it beats in 2 of 3, but asset by asset in 25 of 918. Of the 19 daily markets where it beats, 10 hold out of sample (53%), no neighbouring parameter beats the index, it improves as the bar gets longer from 0 of 110 on 5-minute bars to 4 of 110 on 4-hour bars, its best daily market is LTC/USD at +13.1 points a year over the S&P 500 across 12 years with 119 trades, and its worst daily market is KHC at -18.2 points a year against the S&P 500.

  1. There is no asset class where Wyckoff: buying the accumulation works consistently; it does least badly on cryptocurrencies: 1 of 14 (7%).
  2. It does worst on single stocks: it beats in 24 of 904.
  3. It works as a portfolio, not as a single stock: as a basket it beats in 2 of 3, asset by asset in 25 of 918.
  4. Of the 19 daily markets where it beats, 10 hold out of sample (53%).
  5. No neighbouring parameter beats the index: the published setting is a point, not a region.
  6. It improves as the bar gets longer: on 5-minute bars it beats in 0 of 110; on 4-hour bars, in 4 of 110.
  7. Its best daily market is LTC/USD: +13.1 points a year over the S&P 500 across 12 years, 119 trades.
  8. Its worst daily market is KHC: -18.2 points a year against the S&P 500.

Findings derived from the full panel. Each carries its number and its denominator; the computations are reproducible with artifact 11e887f77aa5.

The promise

“When price has spent weeks in a range and prints a spring (false breakdown), the big players have accumulated: buy the range exit.”

Exactly what we tested

Mechanical approximation: 20-bar range with an 8-bar test window; active accumulation state → long; state lost → flat.

Why

In every market

Indices and ETFs · 0 / 6 · against the s&p 500 over the same window: 0 / 6

AssetReturnBuy and holdDifferenceVs. S&P 500 (CAGR/yr)TradesOut of sample
S&P 500 (SPY)+167.7%+3081.0%-2913.4%-7.9 pts178OVERFIT
Nasdaq-100 (QQQ)+151.8%+1565.8%-1414.0%-5.1 pts118OVERFIT
Russell 2000 (IWM)-42.1%+801.9%-844.0%-10.7 pts145OVERFIT
Emergentes (EEM)+100.3%+830.9%-730.6%-8.6 pts98OVERFIT
Oro (GLD)+27.7%+820.3%-792.6%-9.8 pts129OVERFIT
Bonos 20 años (TLT)+32.1%+131.2%-99.1%-10.1 pts171OVERFIT

Balanced portfolio: Dow 30 (max 10 positions) · 0 / 1 · against the s&p 500 over the same window: 0 / 1

AssetReturnBuy and holdDifferenceVs. S&P 500 (CAGR/yr)TradesOut of sample
Dow 30 (cartera) (30 · max 10)+2029.6%+3081.0%-1051.5%-1.3 pts3889—

Balanced portfolio: Nasdaq-100 (max 20 positions) · 1 / 1 · against the s&p 500 over the same window: 1 / 1

AssetReturnBuy and holdDifferenceVs. S&P 500 (CAGR/yr)TradesOut of sample
Nasdaq-100 (cartera) (98 · max 20)+63870.6%+3081.0%+60789.6%+10.4 pts8748—

Balanced portfolio: S&P 500 (max 25 positions) · 1 / 1 · against the s&p 500 over the same window: 1 / 1

AssetReturnBuy and holdDifferenceVs. S&P 500 (CAGR/yr)TradesOut of sample
S&P 500 (cartera) (498 · max 25)+3430.9%+3081.0%+349.9%+0.4 pts10611—

Stocks, one by one (Dow 30 + Nasdaq-100) · 16 / 470 · against the s&p 500 over the same window: 27 / 216

AssetReturnBuy and holdDifferenceVs. S&P 500 (CAGR/yr)TradesOut of sample
AAPL+2224.6%+322813.1%-320588.5%before 1993272MARGINAL
AMGN+834.3%+187272.6%-186438.3%before 1993247OVERFIT
AMZN+415.1%+265196.1%-264781.0%-3.9 pts187OVERFIT
AXP+702.4%+27029.4%-26327.0%before 1993312OVERFIT
BA+652.2%+108724.7%-108072.5%before 1993456OVERFIT
CAT+3172.6%+172708.3%-169535.7%before 1993384OVERFIT
CRM+547.6%+5992.9%-5445.3%-2.1 pts163OVERFIT
CSCO+114.7%+222956.6%-222841.9%before 1993219OVERFIT
CVX+112.2%+68037.6%-67925.4%before 1993336OVERFIT
DIS+12964.0%+189847.3%-176883.3%before 1993396OVERFIT
GOOGL+501.8%+13534.3%-13032.6%-2.8 pts130MARGINAL
GS+33.3%+2027.1%-1993.8%-7.4 pts146OVERFIT
HD+1196.2%+1985758.9%-1984562.7%before 1993230OVERFIT
HON+1507.3%+21058.8%-19551.5%before 1993342OVERFIT
IBM+1143.3%+16203.8%-15060.5%before 1993373OVERFIT
JNJ+1793.6%+445196.6%-443403.0%before 1993320OVERFIT
JPM+90.2%+34522.5%-34432.3%before 1993256OVERFIT
KO+532.0%+199349.6%-198817.6%before 1993368OVERFIT
MCD+1757.4%+236707.0%-234949.6%before 1993351OVERFIT
MMM+1474.2%+31160.0%-29685.8%before 1993368OVERFIT
MRK+1410.9%+233375.1%-231964.2%before 1993353MARGINAL
MSFT+517.8%+859506.0%-858988.1%before 1993235OVERFIT
NKE+284.8%+32003.7%-31718.9%before 1993292OVERFIT
NVDA+4057.5%+587720.8%-583663.3%+5.7 pts165OVERFIT
PG+89.5%+59706.6%-59617.1%before 1993336OVERFIT
SHW+1042.8%+231766.6%-230723.8%before 1993244OVERFIT
TRV+168.4%+12287.7%-12119.3%before 1993249OVERFIT
UNH+3526.9%+353381.4%-349854.5%before 1993242MARGINAL
V-29.7%+2961.1%-2990.8%-14.0 pts90INCONCLUSIVE
WMT+880.0%+915365.3%-914485.3%before 1993275OVERFIT
ABNBn/a · history < 10y (5.7y)
ADBE+8398.0%+147731.1%-139333.1%before 1993241OVERFIT
ADI+7936.7%+81534.0%-73597.4%before 1993287OVERFIT
ADP+749.1%+74205.9%-73456.8%before 1993254OVERFIT
ADSK+563.7%+58084.6%-57520.9%before 1993287OVERFIT
AEP+587.4%+13797.6%-13210.2%before 1993335OVERFIT
ALABn/a · history < 10y (2.4y)
ALNY+2511.4%+3338.4%-827.0%+4.8 pts170MARGINAL
AMAT+553.8%+664974.8%-664421.1%before 1993274OVERFIT
AMD+84683.2%+14863.3%+69819.9%before 1993357OVERFIT
APPn/a · history < 10y (5.4y)
ARMn/a · history < 10y (3.0y)
ASML+237.8%+96277.5%-96039.7%-7.1 pts192OVERFIT
AVGO+662.4%+32512.1%-31849.7%-2.0 pts91INCONCLUSIVE
AXON+7033.4%+123065.2%-116031.9%+9.0 pts184OVERFIT
BKNG+913.0%+922.2%-9.2%+0.2 pts154OVERFIT
BKR+866.3%+933.9%-67.6%before 1993260MARGINAL
CCEP+1423.0%+7081.8%-5658.9%before 1993247OVERFIT
CDNS+74.4%+16839.0%-16764.6%before 1993222OVERFIT
CEGn/a · history < 10y (4.6y)
CMCSA+1456.1%+47049.9%-45593.8%before 1993264MARGINAL
COST+400.1%+12800.7%-12400.6%before 1993221OVERFIT
CPRT+3128.9%+21554.9%-18426.0%+0.4 pts184OVERFIT
CRWDn/a · history < 10y (7.2y)
CSX+213.2%+40426.1%-40212.9%before 1993261OVERFIT
CTAS+1543.2%+123411.3%-121868.1%before 1993282OVERFIT
DASHn/a · history < 10y (5.7y)
DDOGn/a · history < 10y (6.9y)
DXCM+71.0%+3002.6%-2931.5%-8.7 pts142OVERFIT
EAn/a · history < 10y (9.0y)
EXC+113.6%+17730.6%-17617.0%before 1993277OVERFIT
FANG+723.6%+1406.8%-683.2%+1.6 pts86INCONCLUSIVE
FAST+558.5%+262350.7%-261792.2%before 1993268OVERFIT
FER-20.2%+593.7%-613.8%-16.4 pts16INCONCLUSIVE
FTNT+615.4%+10184.6%-9569.2%-1.7 pts95INCONCLUSIVE
GEHCn/a · history < 10y (3.7y)
GILD+216.3%+33594.8%-33378.5%before 1993184OVERFIT
HONAn/a · history < 10y (0.2y)
IDXX-8.3%+58789.5%-58797.8%before 1993221OVERFIT
INTC+3003.3%+49216.9%-46213.6%before 1993257OVERFIT
INTU+1072.0%+15430.2%-14358.2%-3.2 pts182MARGINAL
ISRG+889.2%+18484.9%-17595.7%+0.7 pts172OVERFIT
KDP+222.7%+1090.2%-867.5%-5.1 pts93INCONCLUSIVE
KHC-35.4%-42.2%+6.8%-18.2 pts75INCONCLUSIVE
KLAC+334.0%+289399.1%-289065.1%before 1993280OVERFIT
LIN+1418.8%+10777.0%-9358.2%before 1993182MARGINAL
LITE+68.4%+5280.9%-5212.6%-9.4 pts80INCONCLUSIVE
LRCX+621.2%+159814.6%-159193.4%before 1993322OVERFIT
MAR+342.6%+2539.5%-2196.9%-3.5 pts165OVERFIT
MCHP+2328.0%+41961.5%-39633.5%-0.8 pts220OVERFIT
MDLZ-5.5%+461.4%-466.9%-9.7 pts144OVERFIT
MELI+164.8%+6911.0%-6746.3%-5.9 pts136INCONCLUSIVE
META+50.4%+1410.2%-1359.9%-12.3 pts72INCONCLUSIVE
MNST+9040.2%+61968.9%-52928.6%before 1993218MARGINAL
MPWR+1238.0%+15002.1%-13764.1%+1.7 pts155OVERFIT
MRVL-28.6%+1645.0%-1673.7%-9.8 pts202OVERFIT
MSTR+7182.4%+1158.6%+6023.8%+7.4 pts198OVERFIT
MU+2281.1%+70877.8%-68596.7%before 1993312MARGINAL
NFLX+5502.5%+67643.2%-62140.7%+7.8 pts190OVERFIT
NXPI+168.4%+1721.2%-1552.8%-8.3 pts89INCONCLUSIVE
ODFL+646.4%+36444.7%-35798.3%before 1993223OVERFIT
ORLY+718.3%+55255.7%-54537.5%-4.4 pts210MARGINAL
PANW+194.2%+4215.4%-4021.2%-7.0 pts83INCONCLUSIVE
PCAR+591.6%+57106.4%-56514.8%before 1993269OVERFIT
PDDn/a · history < 10y (8.1y)
PEP+205.1%+37760.7%-37555.6%before 1993257OVERFIT
PLTRn/a · history < 10y (5.9y)
PYPL+69.8%+44.7%+25.1%-9.4 pts64INCONCLUSIVE
QCOM+2419.3%+50430.1%-48010.8%before 1993243OVERFIT
REGN+209.0%+3718.3%-3509.4%before 1993264OVERFIT
ROP+2169.5%+26003.6%-23834.0%before 1993178MARGINAL
ROST+342.7%+55801.1%-55458.4%before 1993257OVERFIT
SBUX+1029.8%+43019.5%-41989.8%before 1993209OVERFIT
SHOP+699.3%+8568.8%-7869.5%+6.4 pts80INCONCLUSIVE
SNDKn/a · history < 10y (1.5y)
SNPS+208.0%+5482.1%-5274.1%before 1993205OVERFIT
STX+432.9%+15614.6%-15181.7%-4.1 pts158OVERFIT
TER+1825.1%+31309.8%-29484.6%before 1993361OVERFIT
TMUS+64.2%+318.0%-253.8%-8.3 pts117INCONCLUSIVE
TRI+138.1%+578.4%-440.3%-7.0 pts126OVERFIT
TSLA+1883.6%+23002.8%-21119.1%+5.2 pts97INCONCLUSIVE
TTWO+241.3%+5509.7%-5268.4%-5.8 pts196OVERFIT
TXN+1127.7%+38040.6%-36912.9%before 1993357OVERFIT
VRTX+229.8%+12000.4%-11770.7%before 1993225OVERFIT
WBD-36.9%+302.2%-339.1%-13.3 pts136OVERFIT
WDAY+16.9%+305.5%-288.6%-13.7 pts83INCONCLUSIVE
WDC+6956.7%+66202.2%-59245.6%before 1993339OVERFIT
XEL+341.5%+7388.9%-7047.4%before 1993307OVERFIT
A-64.8%+486.3%-551.1%-12.2 pts152OVERFIT
ABBV+187.4%+1156.0%-968.6%-6.8 pts63INCONCLUSIVE
ABT+912.0%+62056.2%-61144.2%before 1993224OVERFIT
ACGL+309.7%+4268.0%-3958.3%-5.9 pts177GENERALIZED
ACN+644.4%+1726.5%-1082.1%-1.2 pts110OVERFIT
ADM-16.8%+9265.6%-9282.5%before 1993267OVERFIT
AEE+517.6%+813.9%-296.3%-2.8 pts139OVERFIT
AES+630.5%+647.5%-17.0%before 1993184OVERFIT
AFL+4872.6%+205848.4%-200975.8%before 1993250MARGINAL
AIG-51.0%+468.3%-519.2%before 1993219OVERFIT
AIZ+262.8%+1585.5%-1322.7%-5.0 pts129OVERFIT
AJG+642.8%+41899.5%-41256.7%before 1993234OVERFIT
AKAM-20.6%-25.2%+4.6%-9.4 pts185OVERFIT
ALB+21.9%+3091.3%-3069.5%-10.3 pts226OVERFIT
ALGN+312.9%+846.9%-534.0%-3.2 pts160OVERFIT
ALL+303.0%+3674.2%-3371.2%-6.6 pts148OVERFIT
ALLE+301.9%+265.9%+36.0%-2.4 pts72INCONCLUSIVE
AMCR-0.6%+100.6%-101.2%-15.0 pts52INCONCLUSIVE
AME+787.8%+25325.0%-24537.3%before 1993259OVERFIT
AMP-27.5%+2154.1%-2181.5%-12.7 pts116OVERFIT
AMT+306.0%+1310.2%-1004.1%-4.0 pts160OVERFIT
ANET+226.7%+5592.8%-5366.1%-3.5 pts87INCONCLUSIVE
AON+289.4%+29815.0%-29525.6%before 1993259OVERFIT
AOS+528.5%+13924.9%-13396.4%before 1993260OVERFIT
APA-60.6%+2417.2%-2477.8%before 1993290OVERFIT
APD+277.6%+20722.2%-20444.6%before 1993229OVERFIT
APH+492.7%+146951.6%-146458.9%before 1993178OVERFIT
APO+149.2%+1845.9%-1696.7%-7.9 pts84INCONCLUSIVE
APTV+62.3%+174.0%-111.6%-11.9 pts66INCONCLUSIVE
ARE+477.5%+624.3%-146.8%-3.5 pts132OVERFIT
ARES+301.1%+1191.9%-890.7%-2.0 pts76INCONCLUSIVE
ATO+133.4%+13696.4%-13563.0%before 1993222OVERFIT
AVB-10.0%+42.3%-52.3%-16.2 pts45INCONCLUSIVE
AVY+136.8%+8544.4%-8407.6%before 1993307OVERFIT
AWK+102.5%+950.9%-848.4%-7.9 pts78INCONCLUSIVE
AZO+356.0%+40631.8%-40275.8%before 1993198OVERFIT
BAC+62.5%+4053.1%-3990.6%before 1993310OVERFIT
BALL+560.6%+49568.6%-49008.0%before 1993342OVERFIT
BAX-21.9%+1778.4%-1800.4%before 1993256OVERFIT
BBY+47860.4%+89506.6%-41646.2%before 1993285MARGINAL
BDX+324.6%+21440.4%-21115.8%before 1993339OVERFIT
BEN+217.3%+130378.8%-130161.4%before 1993260OVERFIT
BF-B+868.4%+14873.5%-14005.1%before 1993279OVERFIT
BG+332.1%+1105.5%-773.4%-3.5 pts154OVERFIT
BIIB+651.1%+6832.8%-6181.7%before 1993215OVERFIT
BLDR+59.0%+393.7%-334.8%-8.9 pts147OVERFIT
BLK+530.9%+13724.5%-13193.6%-1.7 pts156OVERFIT
BMY+1586.7%+23662.6%-22075.9%before 1993294MARGINAL
BNY+1211.7%+32230.3%-31018.6%before 1993302OVERFIT
BR+112.5%+1234.2%-1121.8%-7.1 pts101INCONCLUSIVE
BRK-B+206.5%+2072.5%-1866.1%-6.6 pts139OVERFIT
BRO+831.9%+76212.8%-75380.9%before 1993222MARGINAL
BSX+28.3%+1028.2%-999.9%before 1993208OVERFIT
BX+19.7%+1023.3%-1003.7%-9.9 pts134INCONCLUSIVE
BXP+4.7%+888.9%-884.2%-9.3 pts129OVERFIT
C+542.9%+1897.9%-1355.0%before 1993296OVERFIT
CAH+1618.7%+39284.8%-37666.1%before 1993254OVERFIT
CARRn/a · history < 10y (6.5y)
CASY+923.4%+80461.2%-79537.9%before 1993262OVERFIT
CB+531.8%+6587.6%-6055.9%-5.1 pts208MARGINAL
CBOE+55.5%+1060.1%-1004.5%-11.8 pts94INCONCLUSIVE
CBRE+910.0%+2283.8%-1373.8%+0.0 pts134MARGINAL
CCI-74.0%+899.9%-973.8%-13.7 pts167OVERFIT
CCL+1010.5%+1154.4%-143.9%before 1993229OVERFIT
CDW+308.1%+858.2%-550.1%-3.2 pts79INCONCLUSIVE
CF+275.7%+5815.9%-5540.3%-4.6 pts133OVERFIT
CFG+93.3%+349.9%-256.6%-8.1 pts60INCONCLUSIVE
CHD+813.9%+93736.5%-92922.6%before 1993246OVERFIT
CHRW+42.9%+4307.6%-4264.7%-8.1 pts176OVERFIT
CHTR+195.8%+335.5%-139.8%-7.4 pts101INCONCLUSIVE
CI+1077.9%+12980.8%-11903.0%before 1993262OVERFIT
CIEN-17.1%+195.6%-212.7%-10.5 pts214OVERFIT
CINF+325.9%+41545.9%-41220.0%before 1993217OVERFIT
CL+335.4%+20919.0%-20583.5%before 1993286OVERFIT
CLX+107.7%+6184.2%-6076.5%before 1993369OVERFIT
CME+644.4%+6884.2%-6239.8%-2.5 pts140OVERFIT
CMG+77.7%+4221.6%-4143.9%-8.3 pts139OVERFIT
CMI+898.6%+28968.2%-28069.7%before 1993334OVERFIT
CMS+327.6%+630.8%-303.2%before 1993281OVERFIT
CNC+2235.8%+4388.8%-2153.1%+3.6 pts129GENERALIZED
CNP+204.0%+13998.0%-13794.0%before 1993365OVERFIT
COF+68.9%+5724.6%-5655.6%-9.5 pts178OVERFIT
COHR+744.8%+68288.9%-67544.1%before 1993221OVERFIT
COINn/a · history < 10y (5.4y)
COO+166.7%+879.8%-713.1%before 1993326OVERFIT
COP+901.9%+13561.7%-12659.8%before 1993260OVERFIT
COR+367.3%+17062.1%-16694.7%-5.9 pts190OVERFIT
CPAY+206.4%+1383.7%-1177.3%-6.9 pts86INCONCLUSIVE
CPT+393.6%+2453.9%-2060.3%-6.0 pts172OVERFIT
CRH+36.7%+7617.9%-7581.2%before 1993182OVERFIT
CRL+612.3%+1210.2%-597.9%-0.7 pts157OVERFIT
CSGP+103.1%+3390.6%-3287.6%-6.3 pts185OVERFIT
CTSH+488.5%+35498.3%-35009.8%-2.5 pts146MARGINAL
CTVAn/a · history < 10y (7.3y)
CVNAn/a · history < 10y (9.3y)
CVS+100.3%+15658.6%-15558.4%before 1993328OVERFIT
D+452.8%+17762.4%-17309.7%before 1993233MARGINAL
DAL-53.7%+339.1%-392.7%-14.7 pts132INCONCLUSIVE
DD+1532.4%+10113.6%-8581.2%before 1993341OVERFIT
DE+204.2%+101089.1%-100884.9%before 1993329OVERFIT
DECK+885.1%+7024.7%-6139.6%-3.6 pts194MARGINAL
DELL+384.1%+4059.8%-3675.7%+1.9 pts71INCONCLUSIVE
DG+146.2%+550.3%-404.1%-8.8 pts96INCONCLUSIVE
DGX+4345.6%+9626.0%-5280.4%+3.5 pts162OVERFIT
DHI+246.0%+13111.0%-12865.0%before 1993233MARGINAL
DHR+2382.4%+483557.2%-481174.8%before 1993266OVERFIT
DLR+52.6%+3540.7%-3488.1%-9.2 pts115OVERFIT
DLTR+244.3%+10731.5%-10487.1%-7.1 pts176MARGINAL
DOC+429.9%+6136.8%-5706.9%before 1993219OVERFIT
DOV-21.9%+29264.8%-29286.7%before 1993278OVERFIT
DOWn/a · history < 10y (7.4y)
DPZ+319.9%+5638.6%-5318.6%-4.4 pts144OVERFIT
DRI+490.9%+6998.7%-6507.8%-5.0 pts171OVERFIT
DTE+2041.0%+35264.3%-33223.4%before 1993369OVERFIT
DUK+1797.3%+16239.0%-14441.7%before 1993244MARGINAL
DVA+357.7%+4219.3%-3861.6%-5.5 pts191OVERFIT
DVN-50.2%+1411.9%-1462.1%before 1993264OVERFIT
EBAY+1518.5%+14035.1%-12516.5%+1.2 pts156MARGINAL
ECHO+396.4%+227.3%+169.1%-2.4 pts122INCONCLUSIVE
ECL+222.2%+20174.1%-19951.9%before 1993239OVERFIT
ED+6298.1%+45081.6%-38783.6%before 1993297OVERFIT
EFX+563.6%+77234.4%-76670.8%before 1993282OVERFIT
EG+302.4%+2975.7%-2673.3%-6.0 pts175OVERFIT
EIX+188.1%+14610.5%-14422.4%before 1993294OVERFIT
EL+1542.2%+1551.3%-9.2%-1.0 pts169OVERFIT
ELV+389.1%+2326.9%-1937.8%-3.6 pts145OVERFIT
EME+1112.8%+59203.5%-58090.6%-3.0 pts170OVERFIT
EMR+519.3%+19839.1%-19319.8%before 1993263OVERFIT
EOG+930.5%+9279.7%-8349.2%before 1993206MARGINAL
EQIX+1381.8%+240.5%+1141.4%+2.5 pts172OVERFIT
EQR+31.8%+44.2%-12.4%-12.4 pts46INCONCLUSIVE
EQT+225.7%+19557.1%-19331.4%before 1993287OVERFIT
ERIE+63.7%+3362.8%-3299.1%-9.0 pts174OVERFIT
ES+488.2%+2960.1%-2471.9%before 1993277OVERFIT
ESS+949.4%+5274.8%-4325.4%-3.5 pts183OVERFIT
ETN+1157.2%+116541.5%-115384.3%before 1993348OVERFIT
ETR+254.3%+19797.9%-19543.7%before 1993287OVERFIT
EVRG+368.3%+5086.7%-4718.4%before 1993273OVERFIT
EW+199.4%+6500.0%-6300.6%-4.0 pts143OVERFIT
EXEn/a · history < 10y (5.6y)
EXPD+6744.6%+148324.6%-141580.0%before 1993252OVERFIT
EXPE+251.5%+916.1%-664.6%-4.9 pts132OVERFIT
EXR+277.5%+2698.9%-2421.4%-5.1 pts110OVERFIT
F+195.3%+6752.4%-6557.1%before 1993348OVERFIT
FCX+179.2%+1061.6%-882.5%-7.3 pts172OVERFIT
FDS+659.1%+9088.9%-8429.8%-3.3 pts210OVERFIT
FDX+506.1%+53776.9%-53270.9%before 1993314OVERFIT
FDXFn/a · history < 10y (0.3y)
FE+274.8%+563.0%-288.2%-4.8 pts161OVERFIT
FFIV+1525.8%+5374.0%-3848.2%+2.3 pts157MARGINAL
FICO+2300.0%+94747.8%-92447.8%before 1993245MARGINAL
FIS-59.5%+363.8%-423.3%-13.0 pts163OVERFIT
FITB+775.0%+28280.0%-27505.0%before 1993269GENERALIZED
FIX+459.0%+11966.2%-11507.2%-3.4 pts189OVERFIT
FLEX+371.8%+7898.6%-7526.8%-6.0 pts201OVERFIT
FOXn/a · history < 10y (7.5y)
FOXAn/a · history < 10y (7.5y)
FRT+703.8%+24360.2%-23656.5%before 1993263OVERFIT
FSLR+79.3%+716.1%-636.8%-8.0 pts160OVERFIT
FTV+32.2%+100.1%-67.9%-12.7 pts49INCONCLUSIVE
GD+10743.2%+221689.9%-210946.6%before 1993374MARGINAL
GDDY+94.8%+389.4%-294.6%-8.0 pts58INCONCLUSIVE
GE-19.5%+54356.2%-54375.7%before 1993398OVERFIT
GEN+269.1%+12085.6%-11816.5%before 1993288OVERFIT
GEVn/a · history < 10y (2.4y)
GIS+600.7%+15015.5%-14414.9%before 1993253OVERFIT
GL+674.4%+12680.6%-12006.2%before 1993245OVERFIT
GLW+3689.4%+19301.2%-15611.8%before 1993274OVERFIT
GM-37.7%+240.1%-277.8%-17.4 pts123INCONCLUSIVE
GNRC+615.3%+2091.1%-1475.8%-1.9 pts124INCONCLUSIVE
GPC+156.4%+12785.5%-12629.1%before 1993289OVERFIT
GPN+14.5%+2567.9%-2553.3%-8.5 pts170OVERFIT
GRMN+1648.4%+5377.3%-3728.9%+2.8 pts157OVERFIT
GWW+2744.7%+55300.2%-52555.5%before 1993340OVERFIT
HAL+876.7%+2860.8%-1984.0%before 1993351MARGINAL
HAS+5224.0%+201529.8%-196305.8%before 1993316OVERFIT
HBAN+1491.2%+3799.5%-2308.3%before 1993258OVERFIT
HCA+0.2%+1699.7%-1699.5%-14.1 pts108INCONCLUSIVE
HIG+63.7%+951.1%-887.4%-8.8 pts162OVERFIT
HII+274.8%+883.6%-608.8%-5.2 pts87INCONCLUSIVE
HLT+153.3%+659.1%-505.9%-6.5 pts60INCONCLUSIVE
HOODn/a · history < 10y (5.1y)
HPE+193.0%+625.0%-432.0%-4.4 pts61INCONCLUSIVE
HPQ+2085.7%+77945.5%-75859.8%before 1993438OVERFIT
HRL+1473.0%+19046.1%-17573.1%before 1993290OVERFIT
HSIC+108.1%+1913.1%-1805.0%-8.2 pts176OVERFIT
HST+1028.5%+12843.9%-11815.4%before 1993266OVERFIT
HSY+771.2%+53964.6%-53193.4%before 1993280OVERFIT
HUBB+176.0%+3853.5%-3677.5%-7.8 pts168OVERFIT
HUM+1474.4%+20168.9%-18694.5%before 1993293MARGINAL
HWMn/a · history < 10y (9.8y)
IBKR+269.9%+1526.1%-1256.2%-3.8 pts109INCONCLUSIVE
ICE+151.1%+2307.9%-2156.8%-6.7 pts114OVERFIT
IEX+589.9%+12761.2%-12171.4%before 1993220MARGINAL
IFF+1.6%+4754.9%-4753.3%before 1993346OVERFIT
INCY-27.8%+6471.7%-6499.6%-11.9 pts233OVERFIT
INVHn/a · history < 10y (9.6y)
IP-38.9%+4590.1%-4629.0%before 1993409OVERFIT
IQV+234.1%+520.3%-286.1%-4.8 pts69INCONCLUSIVE
IRn/a · history < 10y (9.3y)
IRM+810.2%+9911.6%-9101.4%-2.9 pts204OVERFIT
IT+6.8%+6431.0%-6424.2%-10.7 pts219OVERFIT
ITW+508.0%+51254.1%-50746.1%before 1993304OVERFIT
IVZ+178.6%+1093.8%-915.3%-7.3 pts196OVERFIT
J-57.5%+33544.7%-33602.2%before 1993308OVERFIT
JBHT+2161.6%+24926.6%-22765.0%before 1993279OVERFIT
JBL+699.8%+41217.7%-40517.9%-4.5 pts187OVERFIT
JCI+1826.8%+4376.5%-2549.7%before 1993190OVERFIT
JKHY+6858.9%+71288.2%-64429.3%before 1993249OVERFIT
KEY+44.5%+1405.6%-1361.1%before 1993224OVERFIT
KEYS+111.1%+1042.3%-931.2%-7.8 pts71INCONCLUSIVE
KIM-7.6%+3036.5%-3044.1%before 1993164OVERFIT
KKR+393.8%+1784.9%-1391.0%-4.4 pts82INCONCLUSIVE
KMB+87.8%+16039.9%-15952.1%before 1993249OVERFIT
KMI+268.1%+117.5%+150.6%-5.1 pts77INCONCLUSIVE
KR+15559.4%+182706.1%-167146.7%before 1993391OVERFIT
KVUEn/a · history < 10y (3.3y)
L+876.0%+22398.8%-21522.8%before 1993235OVERFIT
LDOS+93.1%+530.2%-437.1%-7.7 pts127OVERFIT
LEN-35.5%+29032.9%-29068.4%before 1993333MARGINAL
LH+441.1%+1408.2%-967.1%before 1993194OVERFIT
LHX+188.2%+8519.5%-8331.3%before 1993285MARGINAL
LII+178.3%+3122.4%-2944.1%-4.7 pts168OVERFIT
LLY+343.7%+129720.0%-129376.4%before 1993317OVERFIT
LMT+2608.5%+67444.7%-64836.2%before 1993405MARGINAL
LNT+2844.7%+9408.5%-6563.8%before 1993279MARGINAL
LOW+1687.2%+77328.4%-75641.2%before 1993251OVERFIT
LULU+111.4%+759.0%-647.6%-7.1 pts104INCONCLUSIVE
LUV+3997.2%+24508.5%-20511.3%before 1993292MARGINAL
LVS-74.2%+50.3%-124.5%-17.0 pts130OVERFIT
LYB+243.1%+648.8%-405.8%-6.2 pts80INCONCLUSIVE
LYV+2135.4%+1558.0%+577.4%+5.1 pts144MARGINAL
MA+1077.2%+14066.9%-12989.7%+1.7 pts102OVERFIT
MAA+129.2%+3525.2%-3396.0%-8.2 pts166OVERFIT
MAS+75.7%+7423.1%-7347.4%before 1993279OVERFIT
MCK+654.3%+6946.5%-6292.2%-4.6 pts186OVERFIT
MCO+490.0%+7753.9%-7264.0%-5.3 pts156OVERFIT
MDT+694.7%+51421.0%-50726.3%before 1993258OVERFIT
MET+397.4%+1176.9%-779.6%-2.0 pts122OVERFIT
MGM-95.1%+1501.4%-1596.5%before 1993253OVERFIT
MKC+664.0%+14401.8%-13737.8%before 1993272MARGINAL
MLM+287.7%+3089.6%-2801.8%-6.6 pts228OVERFIT
MO+10272.8%+2914781.4%-2904508.6%before 1993374OVERFIT
MOS+492.5%+268.9%+223.6%before 1993229OVERFIT
MPC+625.6%+2972.8%-2347.1%-0.6 pts70INCONCLUSIVE
MRNAn/a · history < 10y (7.7y)
MRSH+569.8%+21192.9%-20623.0%before 1993323OVERFIT
MS+18.4%+6159.1%-6140.8%-10.4 pts190OVERFIT
MSCI+88.3%+2406.7%-2318.4%-7.8 pts87INCONCLUSIVE
MSI+717.7%+79243.2%-78525.5%before 1993438OVERFIT
MTB+2156.6%+105049.8%-102893.3%before 1993208OVERFIT
MTD-6.6%+9346.3%-9352.9%-9.7 pts158OVERFIT
NCLH+133.8%-34.9%+168.7%-8.3 pts74INCONCLUSIVE
NDAQ+928.6%+2371.2%-1442.7%-0.8 pts147OVERFIT
NDSN+1001.3%+37769.3%-36768.0%before 1993229OVERFIT
NEE+384.8%+23772.9%-23388.1%before 1993291OVERFIT
NEM+145.5%+2099.8%-1954.3%before 1993284OVERFIT
NI+100.7%+5234.9%-5134.2%before 1993295OVERFIT
NOC+476.7%+23369.3%-22892.6%before 1993245OVERFIT
NOW+66.0%+2907.9%-2841.9%-11.3 pts81INCONCLUSIVE
NRG+383.3%+1442.6%-1059.2%-3.9 pts140OVERFIT
NSC+1277.5%+24520.7%-23243.2%before 1993251OVERFIT
NTAP+7339.8%+19659.8%-12320.0%+4.5 pts194OVERFIT
NTRS+1125.5%+53074.8%-51949.3%before 1993227OVERFIT
NUE+1236.6%+70209.1%-68972.5%before 1993274MARGINAL
NVR+4306.5%+61512.0%-57205.5%+1.4 pts190MARGINAL
NWS+110.1%+152.4%-42.3%-8.6 pts80INCONCLUSIVE
NWSA+64.5%+122.2%-57.7%-10.5 pts79INCONCLUSIVE
O+124.1%+5366.4%-5242.3%-8.5 pts140OVERFIT
OKE+1546.3%+19101.6%-17555.3%before 1993253OVERFIT
OMC+443.7%+15677.5%-15233.8%before 1993245OVERFIT
ON+17.1%+208.7%-191.6%-7.8 pts188OVERFIT
ORCL+192.4%+296729.4%-296537.0%before 1993263OVERFIT
OTISn/a · history < 10y (6.5y)
OXY+676.6%+3580.0%-2903.4%before 1993264OVERFIT
PCG+446.2%+1389.7%-943.5%before 1993322OVERFIT
PEG+1166.8%+18884.4%-17717.6%before 1993279MARGINAL
PFE+310.9%+20062.7%-19751.8%before 1993294OVERFIT
PFG+531.4%+920.1%-388.7%-2.4 pts112GENERALIZED
PGR+1998.5%+819581.9%-817583.4%before 1993274OVERFIT
PH+331.6%+41129.4%-40797.9%before 1993274OVERFIT
PHM+6891.0%+95847.7%-88956.7%before 1993275OVERFIT
PLD+96.4%+1782.5%-1686.1%-6.9 pts139OVERFIT
PM+91.0%+785.7%-694.7%-8.6 pts82INCONCLUSIVE
PNC+738.4%+37937.9%-37199.4%before 1993238OVERFIT
PNR-22.6%+11510.8%-11533.4%before 1993270OVERFIT
PNW+137.0%+2247.6%-2110.6%before 1993307OVERFIT
PODD+144.9%+831.5%-686.6%-6.1 pts128INCONCLUSIVE
PPG+378.2%+21327.4%-20949.3%before 1993255OVERFIT
PPL+731.8%+7311.8%-6580.1%before 1993231OVERFIT
PRU-40.8%+767.8%-808.5%-12.2 pts106OVERFIT
PSA+98.1%+13958.7%-13860.6%before 1993238OVERFIT
PSKY+12.3%-34.8%+47.1%-10.5 pts125OVERFIT
PSX+269.1%+1071.7%-802.6%-5.1 pts57INCONCLUSIVE
PTC-23.5%+8443.5%-8467.0%before 1993228OVERFIT
PWR+687.3%+8155.1%-7467.8%-1.7 pts178OVERFIT
Qn/a · history < 10y (0.8y)
RCL+432.1%+4611.6%-4179.5%-5.8 pts214OVERFIT
REG-39.3%+2046.5%-2085.8%-12.3 pts174OVERFIT
RF+479.2%+7230.0%-6750.7%before 1993232OVERFIT
RJF+110.5%+52691.1%-52580.6%before 1993258OVERFIT
RL+456.2%+1376.9%-920.7%-3.5 pts191OVERFIT
RMD+1318.2%+43254.4%-41936.2%-1.9 pts191OVERFIT
ROK+1672.8%+57325.7%-55652.9%before 1993234OVERFIT
ROL+1304.4%+36503.9%-35199.6%before 1993293OVERFIT
RSG+54.9%+1977.7%-1922.8%-7.3 pts147OVERFIT
RTX+4062.0%+231131.9%-227069.9%before 1993384OVERFIT
RVTY+383.6%+25547.2%-25163.6%before 1993374OVERFIT
SBAC+1106.2%+2259.6%-1153.5%+1.1 pts161OVERFIT
SCHW+537.4%+45501.9%-44964.5%before 1993242OVERFIT
SJM+98.3%+1119.0%-1020.6%-8.9 pts216OVERFIT
SLB-24.1%+1125.4%-1149.5%before 1993271OVERFIT
SMCI+674.3%+4155.7%-3481.4%+0.1 pts119INCONCLUSIVE
SNA+341.5%+12522.0%-12180.5%before 1993306OVERFIT
SO+349.9%+32617.4%-32267.5%before 1993218OVERFIT
SOLVn/a · history < 10y (2.4y)
SPG+208.0%+5330.6%-5122.6%-7.4 pts176OVERFIT
SPGI+550.7%+140503.3%-139952.6%before 1993291OVERFIT
SRE+44.6%+1463.0%-1418.3%-7.5 pts148OVERFIT
STE+332.0%+15491.4%-15159.4%before 1993228OVERFIT
STLD+307.4%+7831.8%-7524.4%-5.1 pts204OVERFIT
STT+1683.0%+199686.1%-198003.1%before 1993252OVERFIT
STZ+916.9%+10007.0%-9090.1%before 1993194MARGINAL
SW-36.8%+775.0%-811.8%-14.5 pts43INCONCLUSIVE
SWK+696.9%+5887.9%-5191.0%before 1993298MARGINAL
SWKS-61.9%+1317.3%-1379.1%before 1993299OVERFIT
SYF+303.6%+325.2%-21.7%-1.7 pts66INCONCLUSIVE
SYK+2074.9%+430371.4%-428296.5%before 1993273OVERFIT
SYY+1186.8%+115885.9%-114699.1%before 1993274OVERFIT
T+161.7%+10219.8%-10058.1%before 1993219OVERFIT
TAP+113.2%+518.8%-405.6%before 1993318OVERFIT
TDG+665.9%+13285.3%-12619.4%-0.6 pts114OVERFIT
TDY+157.2%+7164.6%-7007.4%-4.8 pts174OVERFIT
TECH+707.4%+79246.8%-78539.4%before 1993246MARGINAL
TEL+18.5%+671.1%-652.6%-9.9 pts89INCONCLUSIVE
TFC+67.1%+10226.4%-10159.4%before 1993213OVERFIT
TGT+751.3%+90566.5%-89815.1%before 1993349OVERFIT
TJX+800.3%+36154.4%-35354.2%before 1993218OVERFIT
TKO+2539.0%+1638.9%+900.1%+4.2 pts183OVERFIT
TMO+784.9%+36784.3%-35999.3%before 1993274OVERFIT
TPL+667.4%+75277.1%-74609.8%before 1993339OVERFIT
TPR+361.2%+7766.6%-7405.4%-2.6 pts160OVERFIT
TRGP+372.5%+2202.9%-1830.4%-4.0 pts74INCONCLUSIVE
TRMB+1857.9%+3366.4%-1508.5%before 1993224MARGINAL
TROW+350.2%+35932.6%-35582.4%before 1993263OVERFIT
TSCO+1424.3%+15199.0%-13774.7%-2.2 pts233OVERFIT
TSN+80.6%+4340.8%-4260.3%before 1993267OVERFIT
TT+1777.9%+49748.2%-47970.3%before 1993272OVERFIT
TTDn/a · history < 10y (9.9y)
TXT+3660.0%+4901.2%-1241.3%before 1993350OVERFIT
TYL+285.6%+43359.1%-43073.5%before 1993230OVERFIT
UAL+661.2%+240.6%+420.5%-0.8 pts135OVERFIT
UBERn/a · history < 10y (7.3y)
UDR+342.6%+14119.5%-13776.8%before 1993216OVERFIT
UHS+30681.4%+15293.2%+15388.2%before 1993307OVERFIT
ULTA-50.9%+1721.3%-1772.2%-14.7 pts129INCONCLUSIVE
UNP+180.8%+30311.4%-30130.6%before 1993255OVERFIT
UPS+13.9%+233.2%-219.3%-8.0 pts155OVERFIT
URI+5.1%+7088.3%-7083.2%-9.2 pts171OVERFIT
USB+1372.8%+44799.0%-43426.2%before 1993234OVERFIT
VEEV+9.3%+668.8%-659.5%-13.5 pts90INCONCLUSIVE
VICIn/a · history < 10y (8.7y)
VLO+699.7%+23394.0%-22694.3%before 1993289OVERFIT
VLTOn/a · history < 10y (2.9y)
VMC+2589.9%+48759.3%-46169.4%before 1993326MARGINAL
VRSK+140.6%+648.8%-508.2%-9.1 pts93INCONCLUSIVE
VRSN+175.3%+5322.0%-5146.7%-5.7 pts174OVERFIT
VRTn/a · history < 10y (8.1y)
VSTn/a · history < 10y (9.9y)
VTR+216.1%+1496.8%-1280.7%-5.7 pts170OVERFIT
VTRS+217.0%+1568.8%-1351.8%before 1993289OVERFIT
VZ+523.1%+4889.1%-4366.0%before 1993213OVERFIT
WAB+1060.7%+4137.7%-3077.0%-2.6 pts183OVERFIT
WAT-15.2%+10865.4%-10880.6%-11.0 pts190OVERFIT
WEC+2042.2%+23656.8%-21614.6%before 1993236MARGINAL
WELL+662.4%+58774.1%-58111.7%before 1993239OVERFIT
WFC+18.9%+63452.2%-63433.4%before 1993302OVERFIT
WM+333.9%+8471.2%-8137.3%before 1993180OVERFIT
WMB+1272.8%+11974.1%-10701.4%before 1993261MARGINAL
WSM+19990.7%+69865.8%-49875.1%before 1993273MARGINAL
WST+2751.0%+79208.6%-76457.6%before 1993287MARGINAL
WTW-17.9%+1181.6%-1199.5%-10.2 pts153OVERFIT
WY+719.7%+1781.4%-1061.7%before 1993372OVERFIT
WYNN+484.4%+1217.6%-733.1%-3.7 pts141OVERFIT
XOM+1544.5%+183657.9%-182113.4%before 1993287OVERFIT
XYL+0.4%+455.0%-454.7%-15.2 pts88INCONCLUSIVE
XYZ+67.7%+527.5%-459.8%-9.8 pts80INCONCLUSIVE
YUM+112.8%+4282.5%-4169.7%-6.7 pts151OVERFIT
ZBH+125.2%+292.2%-167.0%-6.4 pts154OVERFIT
ZBRA+2069.5%+8617.7%-6548.1%before 1993215OVERFIT
ZTS-2.8%+179.3%-182.1%-14.8 pts63INCONCLUSIVE

Forex · 0 / 0

AssetReturnBuy and holdDifferenceVs. S&P 500 (CAGR/yr)TradesOut of sample
EUR/USDn/a · indicator needs volume; forex has none
GBP/USDn/a · indicator needs volume; forex has none
USD/JPYn/a · indicator needs volume; forex has none
USD/MXNn/a · indicator needs volume; forex has none
AUD/USDn/a · indicator needs volume; forex has none
USD/CADn/a · indicator needs volume; forex has none
USD/CHFn/a · indicator needs volume; forex has none
NZD/USDn/a · indicator needs volume; forex has none

Crypto · 1 / 2 · against the s&p 500 over the same window: 1 / 2

AssetReturnBuy and holdDifferenceVs. S&P 500 (CAGR/yr)TradesOut of sample
Bitcoin+792.7%+17075.3%-16282.6%-0.3 pts108INCONCLUSIVE
Ethern/a · history < 10y (8.8y)
Litecoin+6097.1%+859.3%+5237.8%+13.1 pts119INCONCLUSIVE
Solanan/a · history < 10y (6.4y)
Cardanon/a · history < 10y (8.8y)
Dogecoinn/a · history < 10y (8.8y)

And intraday?

5-minute to 4-hour bars, every asset from where intraday history exists (stocks 2016, forex 2003, crypto 2015), against holding that same asset. Difference versus buy-and-hold. No walk-forward (see protocol).

Asset5 min15 min1 hour4 hoursDaily
Litecoin-1348.2%-1348.2%-1346.6%-1135.1%+5237.8%
Solanan/an/an/an/an/a
Cardanon/an/an/an/an/a
Dogecoinn/an/an/an/an/a
EUR/USDn/an/an/an/an/a
GBP/USDn/an/an/an/an/a
USD/JPYn/an/an/an/an/a
AUD/USDn/an/an/an/an/a
USD/CADn/an/an/an/an/a
USD/CHFn/an/an/an/an/a
NZD/USDn/an/an/an/an/a
S&P 500 (SPY)-452.3%-418.5%-326.4%-268.4%-2913.4%
Nasdaq-100 (QQQ)-703.4%-678.4%-556.8%-598.5%-1414.0%
Russell 2000 (IWM)-306.0%-295.7%-250.6%-178.2%-844.0%
Emergentes (EEM)-266.0%-252.8%-167.4%-129.5%-730.6%
Oro (GLD)-394.4%-363.4%-243.0%-237.3%-792.6%
Bonos 20 años (TLT)-91.1%-75.0%-25.4%-10.2%-99.1%
AAPL-1343.5%-1295.5%-1142.5%-1205.7%-320588.5%
AMGN-377.7%-360.2%-285.4%-239.7%-186438.3%
AMZN-834.9%-798.6%-728.7%-562.1%-264781.0%
AXP-567.8%-543.0%-481.0%-366.7%-26327.0%
BA-165.9%-54.7%+84.1%-21.6%-108072.5%
CAT-1505.4%-1434.4%-1148.5%-1312.8%-169535.7%
CRM-337.9%-270.4%-287.6%+5.0%-5445.3%
CSCO-567.3%-532.8%-427.5%-354.1%-222841.9%
CVX-355.2%-323.9%-232.8%-101.5%-67925.4%
DIS-114.1%-108.4%-71.7%-46.6%-176883.3%
GOOGL-916.5%-874.0%-745.2%-697.5%-13032.6%
GS-721.6%-599.0%-615.0%-473.1%-1993.8%
HD-322.7%-292.5%-103.4%-201.9%-1984562.7%
HON-279.2%-259.7%-156.9%-157.0%-19551.5%
IBM-284.6%-241.3%-204.2%-211.6%-15060.5%
JNJ-355.0%-324.8%-229.2%-242.1%-443403.0%
JPM-740.3%-719.3%-612.1%-550.1%-34432.3%
KO-291.8%-272.7%-68.1%-139.5%-198817.6%
MCD-283.4%-246.1%-151.0%-158.8%-234949.6%
MMM-198.8%-172.7%-90.9%-95.0%-29685.8%
MRK-409.6%-378.7%-215.3%-295.5%-231964.2%
MSFT-1073.9%-1054.2%-950.8%-879.9%-858988.1%
NKE-73.5%-59.0%+66.2%+77.5%-31718.9%
NVDA-27569.7%-27256.7%-25972.9%-27298.9%-583663.3%
PG-244.4%-213.8%-129.9%-160.8%-59617.1%
SHW-447.1%-415.5%-337.3%-270.7%-230723.8%
TRV-418.8%-401.4%-259.2%-268.5%-12119.3%
UNH-399.6%-379.7%+72.6%-146.0%-349854.5%
V-542.6%-490.8%-424.3%-338.4%-2990.8%
WMT-603.7%-560.2%-490.5%-453.3%-914485.3%
ABNBn/an/an/an/an/a
ADBE-316.2%-308.1%-222.1%-157.0%-139333.1%
ADI-812.6%-786.6%-650.8%-706.8%-73597.4%
ADP-438.1%-396.8%-281.5%-316.1%-73456.8%
ADSK-430.8%-365.4%-341.8%-140.7%-57520.9%
AEP-300.7%-280.9%-143.3%-180.8%-13210.2%
ALABn/an/an/an/an/a
ALNY-254.1%-201.8%-172.8%+155.2%-827.0%
AMAT-2808.6%-2677.8%-2599.4%-2232.1%-664421.1%
AMD-16797.2%-16439.4%-15973.8%-11716.4%+69819.9%
APPn/an/an/an/an/a
ARMn/an/an/an/an/a
ASML-2157.5%-2139.8%-1934.6%-2030.5%-96039.7%
AVGO-3395.6%-3308.2%-2829.5%-2201.1%-31849.7%
AXON-3562.8%-3104.9%-2505.7%-1431.9%-116031.9%
BKNG-418.9%-378.2%-245.8%-182.0%-9.2%
BKRn/an/an/an/a-67.6%
CCEP-413.6%-393.7%-205.9%-222.7%-5658.9%
CDNS-1648.8%-1553.3%-1423.9%-1232.7%-16764.6%
CEGn/an/an/an/an/a
CMCSA-134.8%-128.5%-24.6%-21.8%-45593.8%
COST-704.1%-645.8%-580.1%-558.8%-12400.6%
CPRT-697.0%-653.2%-510.1%-533.4%-18426.0%
CRWDn/an/an/an/an/a
CSX-694.4%-660.1%-482.9%-526.2%-40212.9%
CTAS-1027.5%-946.5%-782.0%-86.8%-121868.1%
DASHn/an/an/an/an/a
DDOGn/an/an/an/an/a
DXCM-456.9%-421.8%-339.5%-377.6%-2931.5%
EA————n/a
EXC-315.4%-292.3%-192.8%-99.4%-17617.0%
FANG-391.6%-291.0%-144.2%-327.4%-683.2%
FAST-653.7%-605.4%-522.4%-350.2%-261792.2%
FERn/an/an/an/a-613.8%
FTNT-2736.1%-2675.2%-2556.8%-2277.0%-9569.2%
GEHCn/an/an/an/an/a
GILD-213.3%-201.5%-106.4%-90.2%-33378.5%
HONAn/an/an/an/an/a
IDXX-779.1%-729.1%-531.8%-383.6%-58797.8%
INTC-331.2%-318.4%-131.3%-245.4%-46213.6%
INTU-412.4%-370.6%-301.1%-249.9%-14358.2%
ISRG-607.5%-557.5%-280.2%-370.2%-17595.7%
KHC-55.9%-48.7%-8.6%+32.0%+6.8%
KLAC-3060.5%-2973.9%-2980.2%-2807.6%-289065.1%
LINn/an/an/an/a-9358.2%
LITE-4007.7%-3864.3%-3919.9%-3839.1%-5212.6%
LRCX-4477.6%-4329.7%-4152.5%-4075.2%-159193.4%
MAR-585.9%-452.5%-361.1%-437.1%-2196.9%
MCHP-388.7%-382.2%-354.5%-314.4%-39633.5%
MDLZ-180.5%-158.3%-128.9%-125.0%-466.9%
MELI-1798.0%-1756.6%-1672.4%-984.2%-6746.3%
META-569.9%-532.7%-470.5%-434.1%-1359.9%
MNST-193.5%-180.8%-56.3%-58.5%-52928.6%
MPWR-2249.2%-2197.9%-1936.2%-1999.0%-13764.1%
MRVL-2679.4%-2616.4%-2466.3%-2442.3%-1673.7%
MSTR-739.4%-676.3%-696.5%-700.8%+6023.8%
MU-6668.2%-6618.3%-6105.8%-6089.5%-68596.7%
NFLX-742.6%-701.6%-687.8%-621.5%-62140.7%
NXPI-300.1%-289.1%-205.4%-174.9%-1552.8%
ODFL-1057.9%-988.7%-674.4%-843.6%-35798.3%
ORLY-536.4%-498.3%-316.7%-447.3%-54537.5%
PANW-1294.9%-1234.8%-1238.9%-1133.5%-4021.2%
PCAR-577.9%-549.8%-436.0%-492.9%-56514.8%
PDDn/an/an/an/an/a
PEP-195.1%-183.3%-67.8%-83.1%-37555.6%
PLTRn/an/an/an/an/a
PYPL-154.7%-135.6%-123.2%-14.1%+25.1%
QCOM-436.2%-404.3%-246.0%-339.8%-48010.8%
REGN-154.9%-150.8%-52.2%-19.4%-3509.4%
ROP-243.5%-216.4%-162.7%-67.4%-23834.0%
ROST-464.7%-455.7%-366.4%-321.6%-55458.4%
SBUX-230.5%-219.3%-80.3%-44.3%-41989.8%
SHOP-5926.4%-5364.2%-5727.9%-5514.8%-7869.5%
SNDKn/an/an/an/an/a
SNPS-983.1%-855.4%+90.1%-560.0%-5274.1%
STX-3637.3%-3362.9%-3307.2%-2512.7%-15181.7%
TER-1847.3%-1679.7%-1713.9%-1242.8%-29484.6%
TMUS-488.4%-471.9%-318.1%-148.0%-253.8%
TRI-360.8%-318.3%-232.7%-223.9%-440.3%
TSLA-2312.1%-1934.3%-870.3%-1347.3%-21119.1%
TTWO-684.5%-650.2%-575.1%-552.8%-5268.4%
TXN-636.0%-617.2%-512.0%-477.6%-36912.9%
VRTX-439.1%-421.3%-350.0%-315.8%-11770.7%
WBDn/an/an/an/a-339.1%
WDAY-262.4%-246.3%-202.1%-40.8%-288.6%
WDC-1157.2%-908.5%-965.1%-341.4%-59245.6%
XEL-291.8%-255.2%-133.4%-153.1%-7047.4%
KDP-272.4%-254.9%-177.4%-114.6%-867.5%
USD/MXNn/an/an/an/an/a
Bitcoin-18084.8%-18084.8%-18074.5%-13979.2%-16282.6%
Ether————n/a

8 / 440 · against the s&p 500 over the same window: 16 / 440

What if I nudge the parameters? (on the index)

ParametersReturnSharpeMax DDVs. index
range_lookback 20, test_window 8167.7%-0.05-45.2%-2913.4%
range_lookback 30, test_window 10147.2%-0.06-41.4%-2933.8%
range_lookback 15, test_window 578.8%-0.19-37.0%-3002.3%
range_lookback 40, test_window 12255.1%0.04-42.4%-2825.9%

A rule that only works at the exact textbook numbers and dies one notch away is not an edge: it is luck.

Out of sample and robustness (on the index)

Walk-forward: OVERFIT · 0%

Deflated Sharpe: 0.31 (< 0.95)

Robustness suite: MODERATE

By halves: First half did not beat (+11.0% vs +237.3%); Second half did not beat (+141.2% vs +843.1%).

5 fold(s) scored; 0% within the robust degradation band [0.5, 1.5].

Mean OOS/IS Sharpe degradation = -2.8688.

Deflated Sharpe 0.3055 < 0.95 — edge does not clear the multiple-trials selection-bias hurdle.

Receipt

Computed on 2026-09-10 · period: each asset from its first bar (1962-01-01 to 2026-08-31) · round-trip costs: stocks and index 10 bps, forex 2 bps, crypto 30 bps · artifact 11e887f77aa5 · Finaxion engine

By market

Each market's page, ordered by annual excess over the S&P 500. The first 12 are shown; the rest are in the sitemap. See all 28 markets

Sources for the claim

How to cite

Finaxion Research (2026). Wyckoff: buying the accumulation: works in few markets. Daily backtest 1962-01-01–2026-08-31, artifact 11e887f77aa5. https://finaxion.app/en/research/wyckoff-accumulation

Reproduce it with your own strategy