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Finaxion Research · Kaufman’s adaptive moving average (KAMA) · single stocks · Recomputed 2026-09-10

Does Kaufman’s adaptive moving average (KAMA) work on RCL?

Kaufman’s adaptive moving average (KAMA) beats buy-and-hold on RCL by +0.1 points a year over 33 years.

Total return
×48
Buy and hold
×47
CAGR
12.3%
Sharpe
0.40
Max drawdown
-67.3%
Trades
1080
Out of sample
partly
Years
33
1×10×19941997200020032006200920122015201820212024
StrategyRCL

Findings

  1. Kaufman’s adaptive moving average (KAMA) beats buy-and-hold on RCL by +0.1 points a year over 33 years.
  2. Against the S&P 500 over the same window: +1.4 points a year.
  3. Total return ×48 versus ×47 for buy-and-hold, with 1080 trades.
  4. The result holds only partly out of sample.
  5. Maximum drawdown -67.3%.
  6. It beat before 2009 and stopped afterwards.
  7. It ranks #16 of 235 markets for this strategy by annual excess over the S&P 500.

Findings derived from the full panel. Each carries its number and its denominator; the computations are reproducible with artifact 6540eaf5c46b.

Exactly what was tested

Close crosses above KAMA(10, 2, 30) → entry; close crosses below → exit.

How to read it

The verdict compares the strategy with buying and holding RCL over the same window, with round-trip costs per asset class. “Out of sample” is walk-forward: the rule is fit on one stretch and judged on the next. A result that beats in the full sample but not out of it is overfit. Full methodology in the protocol. How we test.

Open this backtest with its trades   Trades (CSV)

Every strategy on RCL → · Full page for Kaufman’s adaptive moving average (KAMA) →

How to cite

Finaxion Research (2026). Does Kaufman’s adaptive moving average (KAMA) work on RCL?. Daily backtest 1962-01-01–2026-08-31, artifact 6540eaf5c46b. https://finaxion.app/en/research/kama-adaptive-average/rcl

Not a recommendation. Past performance does not guarantee future results.