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Finaxion Research · Wyckoff: buying the accumulation · single stocks · Recomputed 2026-09-10

Does Wyckoff: buying the accumulation work on UAL?

Wyckoff: buying the accumulation beats buy-and-hold on UAL by +4.2 points a year over 21 years.

Total return
661.2%
Buy and hold
240.6%
CAGR
10.4%
Sharpe
0.34
Max drawdown
-71.4%
Trades
135
Out of sample
overfit
Years
21
1×9×2007200920112013201520172019202120232025
StrategyUAL

Findings

  1. Wyckoff: buying the accumulation beats buy-and-hold on UAL by +4.2 points a year over 21 years.
  2. Against the S&P 500 over the same window: -0.8 points a year.
  3. Total return +661.2% versus +240.6% for buy-and-hold, with 135 trades.
  4. The result does not hold out of sample: it is overfit.
  5. Maximum drawdown -71.4%.
  6. It beats in both halves of the history (split at 2016).
  7. It ranks #37 of 227 markets for this strategy by annual excess over the S&P 500.

Findings derived from the full panel. Each carries its number and its denominator; the computations are reproducible with artifact 11e887f77aa5.

Exactly what was tested

Mechanical approximation: 20-bar range with an 8-bar test window; active accumulation state → long; state lost → flat.

How to read it

The verdict compares the strategy with buying and holding UAL over the same window, with round-trip costs per asset class. “Out of sample” is walk-forward: the rule is fit on one stretch and judged on the next. A result that beats in the full sample but not out of it is overfit. Full methodology in the protocol. How we test.

Open this backtest with its trades   Trades (CSV)

Every strategy on UAL → · Full page for Wyckoff: buying the accumulation →

How to cite

Finaxion Research (2026). Does Wyckoff: buying the accumulation work on UAL?. Daily backtest 1962-01-01–2026-08-31, artifact 11e887f77aa5. https://finaxion.app/en/research/wyckoff-accumulation/ual

Not a recommendation. Past performance does not guarantee future results.